Have you ever noticed the movement of the woofer cone moving in and out or ever felt air pressure on your hand when you try to cover the mouth of a woofer? It’s because woofers work on the phenomenon of a longitudinal wave. Lightning causes an increase in the air pressure and temperature, which creates a shock wave of sound that we hear like a loud boom and cause our window panels to vibrate. Whenever it is raining heavily, and thunders are there, you might have noticed the vibration in window panels of your home it happens because of sound waves. Vibration in Window Panels after a Thunder These waves cause the interior of the earth (tectonic plates) to move back and forth in a longitudinal manner, which leads to the surface waves (seismic S wave), which we can feel.
The P waves are the fastest, and they require a medium to travel (solid and liquid). Even humans can feel a little bump and rattle of these waves, but they are mostly unnoticeable to us. They have the ability to sense the seismic P waves, which travel only in the interior of the earth. It is said that animals can sense the earthquake waves much before humans. When the waves reach the shore or smaller areas, they become smaller and thinner, and water particles move parallel to the wave, hence making it a longitudinal wave. The amplitude is the maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position. The peak is the crest, or top point of the wave and the trough is the valley or bottom point of the wave. However, sea waves, including Tsunami, are the example of both transverse as well as a longitudinal wave. Properties of Waves Transverse waves have what are called peaks and troughs. Most people think that sea waves are a transverse wave as they go up and down. Tsunamis cause damage to coastal regions and that’s why people residing in coastal areas are afraid of them. The soundwaves are generated because the drum head moves outward and inward, making air particles to move (vibrate) in the same direction. When we hit the drum with the mallet, drum head vibrates and produce soundwaves. Vibrating DrumheadsĪll of us are familiar with the sound of a drum, and most of us have also tried hitting the drum in different beats. When we applaud, we compress and displace the air particles between our hands for a part of a second, which produces the sound of a clap we are familiar with. When we clap while singing a birthday song or on any other occasion, do you know, what makes our hand produce that familiar sound of a clap.
The sound particles travel along with the air particles and enter the mic to produce sound. When a speaker speaks some words in front of the microphone, he/she hit the air thousands of time per second at different frequencies. Speaking on the micĪ sound wave is a significant example of a longitudinal wave. Let’s explore the examples of Longitudinal wave in our daily life. They are composed of compression (when particles/wave move close to each other) and rarefaction (when particles/wave move away). Simply, particles travel along the direction of the motion or a wave. (You could also use your slinky to create a transverse wave, flipping it up and down rather than pushing and pulling it horizontally.) Figure 2.Longitudinal waves are the waves in which the particles of the medium propagates along the direction of the motion. The rope moves up and down, but the wave propagates from side to side, from one end of the rope to another. We call the quick shake that you give to the jump rope an impulse – like imparting a “bump” to the rope that propagates to the opposite end. Sound waves can only travel in space if there are enough particles around to transmit the energy in the wave from the source to the listener. A jump rope shaken up and down is an example of a transverse wave. In contrast, in a transverse wave, the displacement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction in which the wave propagates. The bouncing of a spring that is dangled vertically amounts to the same thing – a longitudinal wave. The coils that make up the slinky are moving back and forth horizontally, in the same direction in which the wave propagates. If you and a friend lay a slinky along the floor and pull and push it back and forth, you create a longitudinal wave. You can picture a more concrete example if you remember the slinky toy of your childhood. For sound waves in air, air molecules are oscillating back and forth and propagating their energy in the same direction as their motion. In a longitudinal wave, the displacement of the medium is parallel to the direction in which the wave propagates.
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